| Status | Amount | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
success | ken99@example.com | $316.00 | ||
success | Abe45@example.com | $242.00 | ||
processing | Monserrat44@example.com | $837.00 | ||
success | Silas22@example.com | $874.00 | ||
failed | carmella@example.com | $721.00 |
介绍
我创建的每个数据表或数据网格都是独一无二的。它们的行为都不同,具有特定的排序和筛选要求,并且使用不同的数据源。
将所有这些变化合并为一个组件没有意义。如果这么做,我们将失去 headless UI 提供的灵活性。
所以,与其提供一个数据表组件,我认为提供一个如何构建自己的数据表的指南更加有帮助。
我们将从基础的 <Table /> 组件开始,手把手构建一个复杂的数据表。
小贴士: 如果你发现自己在应用中的多个地方都使用同一个表格,你可以随时将其提取成一个可复用的组件。
目录
本指南将向你展示如何使用 TanStack Table 和 <Table /> 组件来构建你自己的定制数据表。我们将涵盖以下主题:
安装
- 将
<Table />组件添加到你的项目中:
pnpm dlx shadcn@latest add table
- 添加
tanstack/react-table依赖:
pnpm add @tanstack/react-table
前提条件
我们将构建一个展示最近付款记录的表格。我们的数据结构如下:
type Payment = {
id: string
amount: number
status: "pending" | "processing" | "success" | "failed"
email: string
}
export const payments: Payment[] = [
{
id: "728ed52f",
amount: 100,
status: "pending",
email: "m@example.com",
},
{
id: "489e1d42",
amount: 125,
status: "processing",
email: "example@gmail.com",
},
// ...
]项目结构
首先创建以下文件结构:
app
└── payments
├── columns.tsx
├── data-table.tsx
└── page.tsx这里我使用了 Next.js 示例,但它也适用于其他任何 React 框架。
columns.tsx(客户端组件)将包含我们的列定义。data-table.tsx(客户端组件)将包含我们的<DataTable />组件。page.tsx(服务器端组件)用于获取数据并渲染表格。
基础表格
让我们从构建一个基础表格开始。
列定义
首先,定义我们的列。
"use client"
import { ColumnDef } from "@tanstack/react-table"
// 这个类型用于定义数据的形状。
// 如果需要,你也可以使用 Zod schema。
export type Payment = {
id: string
amount: number
status: "pending" | "processing" | "success" | "failed"
email: string
}
export const columns: ColumnDef<Payment>[] = [
{
accessorKey: "status",
header: "状态",
},
{
accessorKey: "email",
header: "邮箱",
},
{
accessorKey: "amount",
header: "金额",
},
]注意: 列定义是你定义表格核心样式的地方。它们定义将要显示的数据,数据的格式化方式,排序和筛选行为。
<DataTable /> 组件
接下来,我们创建一个 <DataTable /> 组件来渲染表格。
"use client"
import {
ColumnDef,
flexRender,
getCoreRowModel,
useReactTable,
} from "@tanstack/react-table"
import {
Table,
TableBody,
TableCell,
TableHead,
TableHeader,
TableRow,
} from "@/components/ui/table"
interface DataTableProps<TData, TValue> {
columns: ColumnDef<TData, TValue>[]
data: TData[]
}
export function DataTable<TData, TValue>({
columns,
data,
}: DataTableProps<TData, TValue>) {
const table = useReactTable({
data,
columns,
getCoreRowModel: getCoreRowModel(),
})
return (
<div className="overflow-hidden rounded-md border">
<Table>
<TableHeader>
{table.getHeaderGroups().map((headerGroup) => (
<TableRow key={headerGroup.id}>
{headerGroup.headers.map((header) => {
return (
<TableHead key={header.id}>
{header.isPlaceholder
? null
: flexRender(
header.column.columnDef.header,
header.getContext()
)}
</TableHead>
)
})}
</TableRow>
))}
</TableHeader>
<TableBody>
{table.getRowModel().rows?.length ? (
table.getRowModel().rows.map((row) => (
<TableRow
key={row.id}
data-state={row.getIsSelected() && "selected"}
>
{row.getVisibleCells().map((cell) => (
<TableCell key={cell.id}>
{flexRender(cell.column.columnDef.cell, cell.getContext())}
</TableCell>
))}
</TableRow>
))
) : (
<TableRow>
<TableCell colSpan={columns.length} className="h-24 text-center">
无结果。
</TableCell>
</TableRow>
)}
</TableBody>
</Table>
</div>
)
}提示:如果你发现自己在多个地方使用 <DataTable />,这就是你可以提取到 components/ui/data-table.tsx 以实现复用的组件。
<DataTable columns={columns} data={data} />
渲染表格
最后,我们在页面组件中渲染表格。
import { columns, Payment } from "./columns"
import { DataTable } from "./data-table"
async function getData(): Promise<Payment[]> {
// 在这里从 API 获取数据。
return [
{
id: "728ed52f",
amount: 100,
status: "pending",
email: "m@example.com",
},
// ...
]
}
export default async function DemoPage() {
const data = await getData()
return (
<div className="container mx-auto py-10">
<DataTable columns={columns} data={data} />
</div>
)
}单元格格式化
让我们将金额列格式化为美元金额,并且右对齐该单元格。
更新列定义
更新金额的 header 和 cell 定义:
export const columns: ColumnDef<Payment>[] = [
{
accessorKey: "amount",
header: () => <div className="text-right">金额</div>,
cell: ({ row }) => {
const amount = parseFloat(row.getValue("amount"))
const formatted = new Intl.NumberFormat("en-US", {
style: "currency",
currency: "USD",
}).format(amount)
return <div className="text-right font-medium">{formatted}</div>
},
},
]你也可以用同样的方法格式化其他单元格和表头。
行操作
让我们给表格添加行操作。我们将使用 <Dropdown /> 组件。
更新列定义
在列定义中新增一个 actions 列,actions 单元格返回一个 <Dropdown /> 组件。
"use client"
import { ColumnDef } from "@tanstack/react-table"
import { MoreHorizontal } from "lucide-react"
import { Button } from "@/components/ui/button"
import {
DropdownMenu,
DropdownMenuContent,
DropdownMenuItem,
DropdownMenuLabel,
DropdownMenuSeparator,
DropdownMenuTrigger,
} from "@/components/ui/dropdown-menu"
export const columns: ColumnDef<Payment>[] = [
// ...
{
id: "actions",
cell: ({ row }) => {
const payment = row.original
return (
<DropdownMenu>
<DropdownMenuTrigger asChild>
<Button variant="ghost" className="h-8 w-8 p-0">
<span className="sr-only">打开菜单</span>
<MoreHorizontal className="h-4 w-4" />
</Button>
</DropdownMenuTrigger>
<DropdownMenuContent align="end">
<DropdownMenuLabel>操作</DropdownMenuLabel>
<DropdownMenuItem
onClick={() => navigator.clipboard.writeText(payment.id)}
>
复制付款 ID
</DropdownMenuItem>
<DropdownMenuSeparator />
<DropdownMenuItem>查看客户</DropdownMenuItem>
<DropdownMenuItem>查看付款详情</DropdownMenuItem>
</DropdownMenuContent>
</DropdownMenu>
)
},
},
// ...
]你可以在 cell 函数中通过 row.original 访问行数据。使用这些数据处理你的行操作,例如利用 id 发起 API 删除请求。
分页
接下来,我们给表格添加分页功能。
更新 <DataTable>
import {
ColumnDef,
flexRender,
getCoreRowModel,
getPaginationRowModel,
useReactTable,
} from "@tanstack/react-table"
export function DataTable<TData, TValue>({
columns,
data,
}: DataTableProps<TData, TValue>) {
const table = useReactTable({
data,
columns,
getCoreRowModel: getCoreRowModel(),
getPaginationRowModel: getPaginationRowModel(),
})
// ...
}这将自动将行分页,每页显示 10 条数据。有关自定义分页大小和手动分页的更多信息,请参阅 分页文档。
添加分页控件
我们可以使用 <Button /> 组件以及 table.previousPage() 和 table.nextPage() API 方法添加分页控件。
import { Button } from "@/components/ui/button"
export function DataTable<TData, TValue>({
columns,
data,
}: DataTableProps<TData, TValue>) {
const table = useReactTable({
data,
columns,
getCoreRowModel: getCoreRowModel(),
getPaginationRowModel: getPaginationRowModel(),
})
return (
<div>
<div className="overflow-hidden rounded-md border">
<Table>
{ // .... }
</Table>
</div>
<div className="flex items-center justify-end space-x-2 py-4">
<Button
variant="outline"
size="sm"
onClick={() => table.previousPage()}
disabled={!table.getCanPreviousPage()}
>
上一页
</Button>
<Button
variant="outline"
size="sm"
onClick={() => table.nextPage()}
disabled={!table.getCanNextPage()}
>
下一页
</Button>
</div>
</div>
)
}关于更高级的分页组件,请参阅 复用组件 部分。
排序
让我们让邮箱列支持排序。
更新 <DataTable>
"use client"
import * as React from "react"
import {
ColumnDef,
SortingState,
flexRender,
getCoreRowModel,
getPaginationRowModel,
getSortedRowModel,
useReactTable,
} from "@tanstack/react-table"
export function DataTable<TData, TValue>({
columns,
data,
}: DataTableProps<TData, TValue>) {
const [sorting, setSorting] = React.useState<SortingState>([])
const table = useReactTable({
data,
columns,
getCoreRowModel: getCoreRowModel(),
getPaginationRowModel: getPaginationRowModel(),
onSortingChange: setSorting,
getSortedRowModel: getSortedRowModel(),
state: {
sorting,
},
})
return (
<div>
<div className="overflow-hidden rounded-md border">
<Table>{ ... }</Table>
</div>
</div>
)
}使表头支持排序
我们现在可以更新邮箱列的表头,添加排序控件。
"use client"
import { ColumnDef } from "@tanstack/react-table"
import { ArrowUpDown } from "lucide-react"
export const columns: ColumnDef<Payment>[] = [
{
accessorKey: "email",
header: ({ column }) => {
return (
<Button
variant="ghost"
onClick={() => column.toggleSorting(column.getIsSorted() === "asc")}
>
邮箱
<ArrowUpDown className="ml-2 h-4 w-4" />
</Button>
)
},
},
]用户点击表头时,将自动实现在升序和降序之间切换的排序功能。
筛选
给表格添加一个搜索输入框,筛选邮箱列数据。
更新 <DataTable>
"use client"
import * as React from "react"
import {
ColumnDef,
ColumnFiltersState,
SortingState,
flexRender,
getCoreRowModel,
getFilteredRowModel,
getPaginationRowModel,
getSortedRowModel,
useReactTable,
} from "@tanstack/react-table"
import { Button } from "@/components/ui/button"
import { Input } from "@/components/ui/input"
export function DataTable<TData, TValue>({
columns,
data,
}: DataTableProps<TData, TValue>) {
const [sorting, setSorting] = React.useState<SortingState>([])
const [columnFilters, setColumnFilters] = React.useState<ColumnFiltersState>(
[]
)
const table = useReactTable({
data,
columns,
onSortingChange: setSorting,
getCoreRowModel: getCoreRowModel(),
getPaginationRowModel: getPaginationRowModel(),
getSortedRowModel: getSortedRowModel(),
onColumnFiltersChange: setColumnFilters,
getFilteredRowModel: getFilteredRowModel(),
state: {
sorting,
columnFilters,
},
})
return (
<div>
<div className="flex items-center py-4">
<Input
placeholder="筛选邮箱..."
value={(table.getColumn("email")?.getFilterValue() as string) ?? ""}
onChange={(event) =>
table.getColumn("email")?.setFilterValue(event.target.value)
}
className="max-w-sm"
/>
</div>
<div className="overflow-hidden rounded-md border">
<Table>{ ... }</Table>
</div>
</div>
)
}筛选功能现在已针对 email 列启用。你也可以为其他列添加筛选。更多自定义筛选的信息请参考筛选文档。
显示与隐藏
使用 @tanstack/react-table 的可见性 API,添加列的显示与隐藏功能非常简单。
更新 <DataTable>
"use client"
import * as React from "react"
import {
ColumnDef,
ColumnFiltersState,
SortingState,
VisibilityState,
flexRender,
getCoreRowModel,
getFilteredRowModel,
getPaginationRowModel,
getSortedRowModel,
useReactTable,
} from "@tanstack/react-table"
import { Button } from "@/components/ui/button"
import {
DropdownMenu,
DropdownMenuCheckboxItem,
DropdownMenuContent,
DropdownMenuTrigger,
} from "@/components/ui/dropdown-menu"
export function DataTable<TData, TValue>({
columns,
data,
}: DataTableProps<TData, TValue>) {
const [sorting, setSorting] = React.useState<SortingState>([])
const [columnFilters, setColumnFilters] = React.useState<ColumnFiltersState>(
[]
)
const [columnVisibility, setColumnVisibility] =
React.useState<VisibilityState>({})
const table = useReactTable({
data,
columns,
onSortingChange: setSorting,
onColumnFiltersChange: setColumnFilters,
getCoreRowModel: getCoreRowModel(),
getPaginationRowModel: getPaginationRowModel(),
getSortedRowModel: getSortedRowModel(),
getFilteredRowModel: getFilteredRowModel(),
onColumnVisibilityChange: setColumnVisibility,
state: {
sorting,
columnFilters,
columnVisibility,
},
})
return (
<div>
<div className="flex items-center py-4">
<Input
placeholder="筛选邮箱..."
value={table.getColumn("email")?.getFilterValue() as string}
onChange={(event) =>
table.getColumn("email")?.setFilterValue(event.target.value)
}
className="max-w-sm"
/>
<DropdownMenu>
<DropdownMenuTrigger asChild>
<Button variant="outline" className="ml-auto">
列
</Button>
</DropdownMenuTrigger>
<DropdownMenuContent align="end">
{table
.getAllColumns()
.filter(
(column) => column.getCanHide()
)
.map((column) => {
return (
<DropdownMenuCheckboxItem
key={column.id}
className="capitalize"
checked={column.getIsVisible()}
onCheckedChange={(value) =>
column.toggleVisibility(!!value)
}
>
{column.id}
</DropdownMenuCheckboxItem>
)
})}
</DropdownMenuContent>
</DropdownMenu>
</div>
<div className="overflow-hidden rounded-md border">
<Table>{ ... }</Table>
</div>
</div>
)
}这会添加一个下拉菜单,用于切换列的显示与隐藏。
行选择
接下来,我们给表格添加行选择功能。
更新列定义
"use client"
import { ColumnDef } from "@tanstack/react-table"
import { Badge } from "@/components/ui/badge"
import { Checkbox } from "@/components/ui/checkbox"
export const columns: ColumnDef<Payment>[] = [
{
id: "select",
header: ({ table }) => (
<Checkbox
checked={
table.getIsAllPageRowsSelected() ||
(table.getIsSomePageRowsSelected() && "indeterminate")
}
onCheckedChange={(value) => table.toggleAllPageRowsSelected(!!value)}
aria-label="全选"
/>
),
cell: ({ row }) => (
<Checkbox
checked={row.getIsSelected()}
onCheckedChange={(value) => row.toggleSelected(!!value)}
aria-label="选择行"
/>
),
enableSorting: false,
enableHiding: false,
},
]更新 <DataTable>
export function DataTable<TData, TValue>({
columns,
data,
}: DataTableProps<TData, TValue>) {
const [sorting, setSorting] = React.useState<SortingState>([])
const [columnFilters, setColumnFilters] = React.useState<ColumnFiltersState>(
[]
)
const [columnVisibility, setColumnVisibility] =
React.useState<VisibilityState>({})
const [rowSelection, setRowSelection] = React.useState({})
const table = useReactTable({
data,
columns,
onSortingChange: setSorting,
onColumnFiltersChange: setColumnFilters,
getCoreRowModel: getCoreRowModel(),
getPaginationRowModel: getPaginationRowModel(),
getSortedRowModel: getSortedRowModel(),
getFilteredRowModel: getFilteredRowModel(),
onColumnVisibilityChange: setColumnVisibility,
onRowSelectionChange: setRowSelection,
state: {
sorting,
columnFilters,
columnVisibility,
rowSelection,
},
})
return (
<div>
<div className="overflow-hidden rounded-md border">
<Table />
</div>
</div>
)
}此操作为每一行添加了一个复选框,同时在表头添加了一个复选框以全选。
显示已选择的行数
你可以使用 table.getFilteredSelectedRowModel() API 显示已选择的行数。
<div className="flex-1 text-sm text-muted-foreground">
{table.getFilteredSelectedRowModel().rows.length} /{" "}
{table.getFilteredRowModel().rows.length} 行已选择。
</div>复用组件
以下是一些可用于构建数据表的组件,来自 Tasks 示例。
列表头
使任意列的表头支持排序和隐藏功能。
import { type Column } from "@tanstack/react-table"
import { ArrowDown, ArrowUp, ChevronsUpDown, EyeOff } from "lucide-react"
import { cn } from "@/lib/utils"
import { Button } from "@/components/ui/button"
import {
DropdownMenu,
DropdownMenuContent,
DropdownMenuItem,
DropdownMenuSeparator,
DropdownMenuTrigger,
} from "@/components/ui/dropdown-menu"
interface DataTableColumnHeaderProps<TData, TValue>
extends React.HTMLAttributes<HTMLDivElement> {
column: Column<TData, TValue>
title: string
}
export function DataTableColumnHeader<TData, TValue>({
column,
title,
className,
}: DataTableColumnHeaderProps<TData, TValue>) {
if (!column.getCanSort()) {
return <div className={cn(className)}>{title}</div>
}
return (
<div className={cn("flex items-center gap-2", className)}>
<DropdownMenu>
<DropdownMenuTrigger asChild>
<Button
variant="ghost"
size="sm"
className="-ml-3 h-8 data-[state=open]:bg-accent"
>
<span>{title}</span>
{column.getIsSorted() === "desc" ? (
<ArrowDown />
) : column.getIsSorted() === "asc" ? (
<ArrowUp />
) : (
<ChevronsUpDown />
)}
</Button>
</DropdownMenuTrigger>
<DropdownMenuContent align="start">
<DropdownMenuItem onClick={() => column.toggleSorting(false)}>
<ArrowUp />
Asc
</DropdownMenuItem>
<DropdownMenuItem onClick={() => column.toggleSorting(true)}>
<ArrowDown />
Desc
</DropdownMenuItem>
<DropdownMenuSeparator />
<DropdownMenuItem onClick={() => column.toggleVisibility(false)}>
<EyeOff />
Hide
</DropdownMenuItem>
</DropdownMenuContent>
</DropdownMenu>
</div>
)
}
export const columns = [
{
accessorKey: "email",
header: ({ column }) => (
<DataTableColumnHeader column={column} title="邮箱" />
),
},
]分页
为你的表格添加分页控件,包括页大小和选择计数。
import { type Table } from "@tanstack/react-table"
import {
ChevronLeft,
ChevronRight,
ChevronsLeft,
ChevronsRight,
} from "lucide-react"
import { Button } from "@/registry/new-york-v4/ui/button"
import {
Select,
SelectContent,
SelectItem,
SelectTrigger,
SelectValue,
} from "@/registry/new-york-v4/ui/select"
interface DataTablePaginationProps<TData> {
table: Table<TData>
}
export function DataTablePagination<TData>({
table,
}: DataTablePaginationProps<TData>) {
return (
<div className="flex items-center justify-between px-2">
<div className="flex-1 text-sm text-muted-foreground">
{table.getFilteredSelectedRowModel().rows.length} of{" "}
{table.getFilteredRowModel().rows.length} row(s) selected.
</div>
<div className="flex items-center space-x-6 lg:space-x-8">
<div className="flex items-center space-x-2">
<p className="text-sm font-medium">Rows per page</p>
<Select
value={`${table.getState().pagination.pageSize}`}
onValueChange={(value) => {
table.setPageSize(Number(value))
}}
>
<SelectTrigger className="h-8 w-[70px]">
<SelectValue placeholder={table.getState().pagination.pageSize} />
</SelectTrigger>
<SelectContent side="top">
{[10, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50].map((pageSize) => (
<SelectItem key={pageSize} value={`${pageSize}`}>
{pageSize}
</SelectItem>
))}
</SelectContent>
</Select>
</div>
<div className="flex w-[100px] items-center justify-center text-sm font-medium">
Page {table.getState().pagination.pageIndex + 1} of{" "}
{table.getPageCount()}
</div>
<div className="flex items-center space-x-2">
<Button
variant="outline"
size="icon"
className="hidden size-8 lg:flex"
onClick={() => table.setPageIndex(0)}
disabled={!table.getCanPreviousPage()}
>
<span className="sr-only">Go to first page</span>
<ChevronsLeft />
</Button>
<Button
variant="outline"
size="icon"
className="size-8"
onClick={() => table.previousPage()}
disabled={!table.getCanPreviousPage()}
>
<span className="sr-only">Go to previous page</span>
<ChevronLeft />
</Button>
<Button
variant="outline"
size="icon"
className="size-8"
onClick={() => table.nextPage()}
disabled={!table.getCanNextPage()}
>
<span className="sr-only">Go to next page</span>
<ChevronRight />
</Button>
<Button
variant="outline"
size="icon"
className="hidden size-8 lg:flex"
onClick={() => table.setPageIndex(table.getPageCount() - 1)}
disabled={!table.getCanNextPage()}
>
<span className="sr-only">Go to last page</span>
<ChevronsRight />
</Button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
)
}
<DataTablePagination table={table} />列切换
用于切换列显示的组件。
"use client"
import { type Table } from "@tanstack/react-table"
import { Settings2 } from "lucide-react"
import { Button } from "@/registry/new-york-v4/ui/button"
import {
DropdownMenu,
DropdownMenuCheckboxItem,
DropdownMenuContent,
DropdownMenuLabel,
DropdownMenuSeparator,
DropdownMenuTrigger,
} from "@/registry/new-york-v4/ui/dropdown-menu"
export function DataTableViewOptions<TData>({
table,
}: {
table: Table<TData>
}) {
return (
<DropdownMenu>
<DropdownMenuTrigger asChild>
<Button
variant="outline"
size="sm"
className="ml-auto hidden h-8 lg:flex"
>
<Settings2 />
View
</Button>
</DropdownMenuTrigger>
<DropdownMenuContent align="end" className="w-[150px]">
<DropdownMenuLabel>Toggle columns</DropdownMenuLabel>
<DropdownMenuSeparator />
{table
.getAllColumns()
.filter(
(column) =>
typeof column.accessorFn !== "undefined" && column.getCanHide()
)
.map((column) => {
return (
<DropdownMenuCheckboxItem
key={column.id}
className="capitalize"
checked={column.getIsVisible()}
onCheckedChange={(value) => column.toggleVisibility(!!value)}
>
{column.id}
</DropdownMenuCheckboxItem>
)
})}
</DropdownMenuContent>
</DropdownMenu>
)
}
<DataTableViewOptions table={table} />RTL(从右到左布局)
要启用 shadcn/ui 的 RTL 支持,请参阅 RTL 配置指南。
| الحالة | المبلغ | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
ناجح | ken99@example.com | ٣١٦٫٠٠ US$ | ||
ناجح | Abe45@example.com | ٢٤٢٫٠٠ US$ | ||
قيد المعالجة | Monserrat44@example.com | ٨٣٧٫٠٠ US$ | ||
ناجح | Silas22@example.com | ٨٧٤٫٠٠ US$ | ||
فشل | carmella@example.com | ٧٢١٫٠٠ US$ |